James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2019. The announcement was made by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in a press release yesterday.
They were jointly awarded the prize “for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos”
James Peebles from Princeton University, USA, is being recognised “for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology” while Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz from University of Geneva Switzerland “for the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star”
Canadian scientist James Peebles and Swiss astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz are splitting the 9 million Swedish krona ($906,705) Nobel Prize money for their separate discoveries. Half of the prize money will be given to James Peebles and the other half jointly to Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz .
James Peebles was born in 1935 in Winnipeg, Canada. He has a Ph.D. 1962 from Princeton University, USA. He is the Albert Einstein Professor of Science at Princeton University, USA.
James Peebles’ insights into physical cosmology have enriched the entire field of research and laid a foundation for the transformation of cosmology over the last fifty years, from speculation to science. His theoretical framework, developed since the mid-1960s, is the basis of our contemporary ideas about the universe.
The Big Bang model describes the universe from its very first moments, almost 14 billion years ago, when it was extremely hot and dense. Since then, the universe has been expanding, becoming larger and colder. Barely 400,000 years after the Big Bang, the universe became transparent and light rays were able to travel through space. Even today, this ancient radiation is all around us and, coded into it, many of the universe’s secrets are hiding. Using his theoretical tools and calculations, James Peebles was able to interpret these traces from the infancy of the universe and discover new physical processes.
Michel Mayor was born in 1942 in Lausanne, Switzerland. He has a Ph.D. 1971 from University of Geneva, Switzerland. He is a Professor at University of Geneva, Switzerland.
Didier Queloz was born in 1966. He has a Ph.D. 1995 from University of Geneva, Switzerland. He is a Professor at University of Geneva, Switzerland and University of Cambridge, UK.
In October 1995, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced the first discovery of a planet outside our solar system, an exoplanet, orbiting a solar-type star in our home galaxy, the Milky Way. At the Haute-Provence Observatory in southern France, using custom-made instruments, they were able to see planet 51 Pegasi b, a gaseous ball comparable with the solar system’s biggest gas giant, Jupiter.
This discovery started a revolution in astronomy and over 4,000 exoplanets have since been found in the Milky Way. Strange new worlds are still being discovered, with an incredible wealth of sizes, forms and orbits. They challenge our preconceived ideas about planetary systems and are forcing scientists to revise their theories of the physical processes behind the origins of planets. With numerous projects planned to start searching for exoplanets, we may eventually find an answer to the eternal question of whether other life is out there.
